
在写作中使用过渡性词语很有必要,可以桥接不同的概念,建立连贯性——即所谓的“流畅性(flow)”。
过渡词,包括连词副词(thus, therefore, however, consequently, furthermore, moreover, unfortunately)和并列连词(for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so),存在于各种形式的文章中,表达句子各部分或不同句子之间的关系。牢牢掌握如何使用它们,可以避免使读者看不懂你的文章。过渡词有四种主要类别,包括补充词、转折词、因果词和顺序词。使用哪种类别取决于过渡的功能,比如是为了显示对比或是推进写作。大多数情况下(但这不是绝对的),过渡词和短语出现在句子或从句的开头。例如:Research on tech hubs proves that they are extraordinarily expensive. Nevertheless, their productivity gains outweigh their production costs.例如:They are nevertheless worth the cost of production.过渡词的一种常见误用是过度使用。当过度使用时,过渡词会降低文本的可读性,使语句毫无必要地过长并使文本出现重复。×: The initial results were inconclusive. However, a second trial was conducted. Nonetheless, the repeated trials did not yield conclusive results.Therefore, the experiment failed.The initial results were inconclusive, and the experiment failed after repeated inconclusive trials.涉及过渡词的许多常见错误,多是与将含义相似但语法结构不同的单词互换使用有关。还有的错误是将非正式的过渡词置于句子开头。×: And / So the results of the third trial were inconclusive.✓: The results of the third trial were inconclusive.✓: Additionally, the results of the third trial were inconclusive.在技术写作中不鼓励使用“和/或”,而且通常也是不必要的。×: Use a scalpel and/or dissecting scissors to lift the abdominal muscle of the frog.✓: Use a scalpel, scissors, or both to lift the abdominal muscle of the frog.As well as 引入不太重要的元素,而 and 暗示所有列出的元素都同等重要。×: The geologists collected samples of igneous as well as metamorphic rocks.✓: The geologists collected samples of igneous and metamorphic rocks.表示因果的词必须用来说明一个概念是前一个概念的结果,使用不当会造成不合逻辑的联系。×: The atmospheric pressure was measured using a barometer. Therefore, the weather was stable.✓: The atmospheric pressure was measured using a barometer. The weather was stable.在写作中选择过渡词时,考虑什么词能最有效地连接句中的概念,使行文流畅。避免过渡词的常见误用以及过度使用。过渡词旨在表达句子各部分或不同句子之间的关系,正确地使用过渡词可以最大限度地提高论文的可读性。
摘自LetPub专业SCI论文编缉